How to install Milax 0.3 on a virtual disk in a Qemu Virtual Machine

Author: Bernd Schemmer (Bernd.Schemmer@gmx.de)
Last Update: v0.0.1 26.04.2008 12:00

How to install Milax 0.3 on a virtual disk in a Qemu Virtual Machine

Introduction

This documents describes the steps neccessary to install Milax 0.3 on a virtual disk in a Virtual Machine running in Qemu.

The environment used was Qemu 0.9.1 running on Ubuntu 7.10. But the instructions should also work with Qemu in any Operating System.

Prerequisites

Qemu is already installed

The ISO Image for Milax 0.3 is already downloaded

Notes

Commands with light blue background are to be executed on the host where Qemu is running , e.g.

$ uname -a Linux tp61p 2.6.22-14-generic #1 SMP Tue Feb 12 02:46:46 UTC 2008 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Commands with light green background are to be executed in the Qemu Virtual Machine or in an ssh session to the Virtual Machine, e.g.

alex@milax ~ # uname -a SunOS milax 5.11 MilaX_0.3 i86pc i386 i86pc alex@milax ~ #

Note: Most commands in the Virtual Machine must be executed as user root

Instructions

1. Create a virtual disk for Milax using qemu-img.

$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 milax1.hdd 10G Formatting 'milax1.hdd', fmt=qcow2, size=10485760 kB

Notes:

You should create the virtual disk with the format qcow2 to enable snapshots

The virtual disk should be at least 512 MB in Size. If running qemu in Solaris or Linux you can create the virtual image with 10 GB or more without loosing space because Qemu only uses the space neccessary for the used sectors on the virtual disk.

2. Start the Milax ISO image in Qemu:

$ /usr/local/bin/qemu -net user -net nic -usb -usbdevice tablet -L /usr/local/share/qemu -boot d \ -m 512 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -redir tcp:1132::22 -name "Milax_ISO_image_(user_network)_(ssh_port:_1132)" \ -hda /home/xtrnaw7/data/nobackup/qemu/harddisk/milax1.hdd \ -cdrom /data/nobackup/iso/milax03.iso

Notes:

Choose the entry for Qemu (Milax 0.3 (32 bit, For Qemu) in the Grub Menu

The default network adapter (= NIC) used by Qemu is not supported by Milax yet; therefore you must change the type of the emulated NIC to rtl8139

The parameter "-redir tcp:1132::22" enables a ssh connections to the Virtual Machine from the host where Qemu is running. To open an ssh connection to the Virtual Machine after it's booted use:

$ ssh -l alex -p 1132 localhost

(see the Qemu documentation for details)

3. Open a terminal session in the Virtual Machine

After Milax is booted from CDROM you can either start the X server within Qemu using

(alex@milax)$ startx

or connect to the Virtual Machine using ssh:

$ ssh -l alex -p 1132 localhost

4. Become root user in the Milax session

(alex@milax)$ su - Password: Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.11 MilaX_03 April 2008 (alex@milax)#

Note that the prompt does not change after switching to the root user! use "id" to ensure that you're root user:

(alex@milax)# id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) (alex@milax)#

5. Create a Solaris partition on the virtual disk

(alex@milax)# fdisk /dev/rdsk/c3d0p0 No fdisk table exists. The default partition for the disk is: a 100% "SOLARIS System" partition Type "y" to accept the default partition, otherwise type "n" to edit the partition table. y

6. Create a slice for the root filesystem and a optional slice for swap on the virtual disk for Milax:

(alex@milax)# format Searching for disks...done AVAILABLE DISK SELECTIONS: 0. c3d0 <DEFAULT cyl 1302 alt 2 hd 255 sec 63> /pci@0,0/pci-ide@1,1/ide@0/cmdk@0,0 Specify disk (enter its number): 0 selecting c3d0 Controller working list found [disk formatted, defect list found] FORMAT MENU: disk - select a disk type - select (define) a disk type partition - select (define) a partition table current - describe the current disk format - format and analyze the disk fdisk - run the fdisk program repair - repair a defective sector show - translate a disk address label - write label to the disk analyze - surface analysis defect - defect list management backup - search for backup labels verify - read and display labels save - save new disk/partition definitions volname - set 8-character volume name !<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return quit format> p PARTITION MENU: 0 - change `0' partition 1 - change `1' partition 2 - change `2' partition 3 - change `3' partition 4 - change `4' partition 5 - change `5' partition 6 - change `6' partition 7 - change `7' partition select - select a predefined table modify - modify a predefined partition table name - name the current table print - display the current table label - write partition map and label to the disk !<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return quit partition> p Current partition table (original): Total disk cylinders available: 1302 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 2 backup wu 0 - 1301 9.97GB (1302/0/0) 20916630 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 boot wu 0 - 0 7.84MB (1/0/0) 16065 9 alternates wm 1 - 2 15.69MB (2/0/0) 32130 partition> 0 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: Enter partition permission flags[wm]: Enter new starting cyl[0]: 3 Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 3e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 2gb partition> p Current partition table (unnamed): Total disk cylinders available: 1302 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 unassigned wm 3 - 264 2.01GB (262/0/0) 4209030 1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 2 backup wu 0 - 1301 9.97GB (1302/0/0) 20916630 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 boot wu 0 - 0 7.84MB (1/0/0) 16065 9 alternates wm 1 - 2 15.69MB (2/0/0) 32130 partition> 1 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: Enter partition permission flags[wm]: Enter new starting cyl[0]: Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 0e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: partition> 1 Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 1 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 Enter partition id tag[unassigned]: swap Enter partition permission flags[wm]: Enter new starting cyl[3]: 265 Enter partition size[0b, 0c, 265e, 0.00mb, 0.00gb]: 1gb partition> p Current partition table (unnamed): Total disk cylinders available: 1302 + 2 (reserved cylinders) Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks 0 unassigned wm 3 - 264 2.01GB (262/0/0) 4209030 1 swap wm 265 - 395 1.00GB (131/0/0) 2104515 2 backup wu 0 - 1301 9.97GB (1302/0/0) 20916630 3 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 4 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 5 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 6 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 7 unassigned wm 0 0 (0/0/0) 0 8 boot wu 0 - 0 7.84MB (1/0/0) 16065 9 alternates wm 1 - 2 15.69MB (2/0/0) 32130 partition> label Ready to label disk, continue? yes partition> quit FORMAT MENU: disk - select a disk type - select (define) a disk type partition - select (define) a partition table current - describe the current disk format - format and analyze the disk fdisk - run the fdisk program repair - repair a defective sector show - translate a disk address label - write label to the disk analyze - surface analysis defect - defect list management backup - search for backup labels verify - read and display labels save - save new disk/partition definitions volname - set 8-character volume name !<cmd> - execute <cmd>, then return quit format> quit (alex@milax)#

7. Install Milax on the virtual disk using zfsinstall:

(alex@milax)# zfsinstall c3d0s0 Starting to copy data from UFS root to /zfsroot - this may take some time. a devices/ 0K a devices/pseudo/ 0K a devices/pseudo/clone@0/ 0K a devices/pseudo/lofi@0/ 0K a devices/pseudo/consms@0/ 0K .... x dev/poolctl symbolic link to ../devices/pseudo/pool@0:poolctl x dev/pool symbolic link to ../devices/pseudo/pool@0:pool x dev/ipscan symbolic link to ../devices/pseudo/ipf@0:ipscan x dev/nsmb symbolic link to ../devices/pseudo/nsmb@0:nsmb x dev/fb symbolic link to /devices/pci@0,0/display@2:text-0 tar: ./dev/.devfsadm_synch_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./dev/.devname_lookup_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./svc/volatile/repository_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./sysevent/devfsadm_event_channel/1 is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./sysevent/devfsadm_event_channel/reg_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./sysevent/syseventconfd_event_channel/reg_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./sysevent/sysevent_door is not a file. Not dumped tar: ./.dlmgmt_door is not a file. Not dumped Updating vfstab Creating boot_archive, don't worry about amd64 errors... /zfsroot/platform/i86pc/amd64/boot_archive-new: No such file or directory /zfsroot//boot/solaris/bin/create_ramdisk[32]: test: argument expected mv: cannot access /zfsroot/platform/i86pc/amd64/boot_archive-new Installing grub on /dev/rdsk/c3d0s0 stage1 written to partition 0 sector 0 (abs 16065) stage2 written to partition 0, 260 sectors starting at 50 (abs 16115) Milax now installed on zfs.

Notes:

Ignore the errors and warnings from the script.

8. Correct the grub menu entry for Milax on the virtual disk:

(alex@milax)# vi /tank/boot/grub/menu.lst

Remove the variable $ISADIR from the grub menu entry - it is not neccessary because there's only a 32 Bit version of Solaris on the virtual disk.

This step is optional for a Virtual Machine emulating a 32-Bit CPU but mandatory for a Virtual Machine emulating a 64-Bit CPU.

So in the end the lines

kernel$ /platform/i86pc/kernel/$ISADIR/unix -B $ZFS-BOOTFS,console=text module$ /platform/i86pc/$ISADIR/boot_archive

should be changed to

kernel$ /platform/i86pc/kernel/unix -B $ZFS-BOOTFS,console=text module$ /platform/i86pc/boot_archive

9. Correct the keyboard layout for the console

(alex@milax)# vi /zfsroot/boot/solaris/bootenv.rc

Change the value "unkown" in the line

setprop keyboard-layout Unknown

to the approbiate value, e.g. for German keyboard layouts it should look like

setprop keyboard-layout "German"

Next disable DMA for the virtual CDROM of the Qemu Virtual Machine:

Change the value 1 in the line

setprop atapi-cd-dma-enabled 1

to 0 so that it looks like:

setprop atapi-cd-dma-enabled 0

10. Correct the keyboard layout for the X Server

Add a work around to change the keyboard layout in the X server session if neccessary (in the default the keyboard layout of the X Server is either US english or Russian).

To do this add the following code to the file .bashrc for the users alex and/or root.

The . bashrc file for the user alex on the virtual disk is /zfsroot/alex/.bashrc while booted from CDROM; the .bashrc for the user root is /zfsroot/root/.bashrc while booted from CDROM. After booting from the virtual disk the files are /alex/.bashrc and /root/.bashrc.

if [ "${TERM}"x = "xterm"x -a "${DISPLAY}"x = ":0.0"x \
 -a "${SSH_CONNECTION}"x = ""x  ] ; then
  SEMFILE="/tmp/keyboard_layout_changed"
  NEW_KB_LAYOUT="de"
  if [ ! -f "${SEMFILE}" ] ; then
    echo "Changing the keyboard layout to \"${NEW_KB_LAYOUT}\" ..."
    setxkbmap ${NEW_KB_LAYOUT}
    xkbd
    echo  ${NEW_KB_LAYOUT} >"${SEMFILE}"
  fi
fi

Note:

Change "de" in the line

  NEW_KB_LAYOUT="de"

to the approbiate keyboard layout.

To execute X programs as user root add also the following code to the start of the .profile of the user root:

if [ "${DISPLAY}"x = ""x ] ; then DISPLAY=:0.0 export DISPLAY fi

11. Shutdown the Virtual Machine:

(alex@milax)# init 0 (alex@milax)#

Close the Qemu Window after the message "Press any key to reboot"

12. Start the Qemu Virtual Machine from the virtual disk

Now you can start the Qemu Virtual Machine from the virtual disk:

$ /usr/local/bin/qemu -net user -net nic -usb -usbdevice tablet -L /usr/local/share/qemu -boot c \ -m 512 -net nic,model=rtl8139 -redir tcp:1132::22 -name "Milax_ISO_image_(user_network)_(ssh_port:_1132)" \ -hda /home/xtrnaw7/data/nobackup/qemu/harddisk/milax1.hdd

13. Milax is now booted from a zfs volume on the virtual disk:

Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.11 MilaX_03 April 2008 (alex@milax)$ bash (alex@milax)$ uname -a SunOS milax 5.11 MilaX_0.3 i86pc i386 i86pc (alex@milax)$ mount / on tank/rootfs read/write/setuid/devices/nonbmand/exec/xattr/atime/dev=2d90002 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:14 2008 /devices on /devices read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4b80000 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /dev on /dev read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4bc0000 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /system/contract on ctfs read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4c40001 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /proc on proc read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4c80000 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /etc/mnttab on mnttab read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4cc0001 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /etc/svc/volatile on swap read/write/setuid/devices/xattr/dev=4d00001 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /system/object on objfs read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4d40001 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /etc/dfs/sharetab on sharefs read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4d80001 on Sat Apr 26 00:35:38 2008 /lib/libc.so.1 on /usr/lib/libc/libc_hwcap3.so.1 read/write/setuid/devices/dev=2d90002 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:00 2008 /dev/fd on fd read/write/setuid/devices/dev=4ec0001 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:14 2008 /tmp on swap read/write/setuid/devices/xattr/dev=4d00002 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:18 2008 /var/run on swap read/write/setuid/devices/xattr/dev=4d00003 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:18 2008 /tank on tank read/write/setuid/devices/nonbmand/exec/xattr/atime/dev=2d90003 on Sat Apr 26 00:36:35 2008 (alex@milax)$

Notes

Note that the ZFS volume only uses one slice on the virtual disk. Therefore you can install additional Solaris versions on the virtual disk.

Tips and Hints

grub menu

To change the grub menu after booting from the virtual disk edit the file

/tank/boot/grub/menu.lst

Note that in the Solaris release used for Milax 0.3 bootadm does not yet know the location of the file menu.lst on ZFS root filesystems.That means that you can not use bootadm to check or change the grub menu.

eeprom variables

To change the eeprom settings manaul after booting from the virtual disk edit the file

/boot/solaris/bootenv.rc

Adding a swap partition

To add a swap partition for the current session execute as root user

root@milax ~ # swap -a /dev/dsk/c3d0s1 operating system crash dump was previously disabled -- invoking dumpadm(1M) -d swap to select new dump device # check the results: # root@milax ~ # swap -l swapfile dev swaplo blocks free /dev/dsk/c3d0s1 102,1 8 2104504 2104504 root@milax ~ # dumpadm Dump content: kernel pages Dump device: /dev/dsk/c3d0s1 (swap) Savecore directory: /var/crash/milax Savecore enabled: yes

To add the swap partition permanent execute as root user

root@milax ~ # echo "/dev/dsk/c3d0s1 - - swap - no -">>/etc/vfstab

These instructions assume that you created the swap partition while partitioning the virtual disk

Allow ssh for root

To allow ssh connections for root edit the file

/etc/ssh/sshd_config

and change the line

PermitRootLogin no

to

PermitRootLogin yes

After the change execute as root:

root@milax ~ # svcadm refresh ssh